A "Gig Economy" offers a flexible, temporary or short-term freelance arrangement where an individual is a service seeker i.e. the person connects with an organization, i.e. an employee on gigs in order to finish the job. They earn their income as a whole or in parts by signing contracts that are temporary where they are compensated for specific jobs or assignments. Services exchange generally involves interfacing with consumers via an internet-based platform. The growing gig economy is likely to benefit workers, businesses and consumers as a whole by making the working process more customizable and able to adapt to changes in the environment. It has demonstrated its longevity and could even be a result of the Covid-19 epidemic by providing millions of jobs and keeping communities connected.
In the period 2020-21, 7.7 million people from India were believed to be part of the "Gig Workforce.". It is projected to grow to 23.5 million by 2029-30. It will make up 6.7 per cent of non-agricultural population which is 4.1 percent of total income of India. The GDP elasticity to growth in employment that gig employees had was generally higher than that of 2011-12 to 2019-20, which indicates that there is a higher need for gig-based workers. The elasticity was always higher that the average elasticity the employment market and additionally indicates that there is a slowing growth rate in demand for employees that aren't gig-based as well as the transition from gig-based jobs to gig-based employment.
According to the classification of industrial according to the industrial classification, approximately 2.7 million people were employed in trade and sales retailers, 1.3 million in the transportation segment, 0.6 million in manufacturing and 0.6 million employed in the insurance and finance sectors. Between 2011-12 and 2019-20 the retail, transportation and manufacturing industries saw an increase in the amounts to 1.5 million, 0.8 million, and 0.4 million workers, respectively. The gig workforce in the education industry grew from 66,000 to nearly 1 lakh by 2019-20. At present, about half of the gig economy is skilled in a moderate manner with 22 percent of them are high-skilled jobs as well as 31 per cent of positions are not highly skilled. However, gig work may raise the level of skill polarization since the percentage of people with moderate skill levels is decreasing while the proportion of highly skilled and low-skilled workers is increasing.
The Indian government has taken number of steps to accelerate the gig economy's development across India. In January 2022 India's Ministry of Labour and Employment hosted a webinar with V. V. Giri National Labour Institute, International Labour Organization (ILO), BRICS Network of Labour Research Institutes, and the International Training Centre (ITC) of the ILO. The goal of the event was to offer an international viewpoint on two important issues that are: (a) opportunities and issues of Gig as well as Platform Work, and (b) Policy Environment to bring about new methods of working. Beyond the opportunities, new issues concerning the terms of service, universal Social Security benefits proper dispute resolution channels, and many more. Also, the issue of dispute resolution was discussed.
In 2021 In 2021, it is expected that the Ministry of Labour and Employment has announced the E-Shramportalin the hope of establishing the first ever national database of people who do not have a job comprised of the person's Aadhaar. The database includes information about names, jobs, addresses, educational levels, kinds of abilities, families information and much more. In May 2022 the majority of the 27.69 million people working in the informal sector who are registered with the online e-Shram portal will earn a pay from INR $10,000 or less and more than 75 percent of the workers that is registered on the portal comes comprised of regular castes (SC) as well as tribal groups, which are known in the name of scheduled tribes (ST) and other backward classes (OBC). The main objective is to create an unifying database for each worker, contractor, worker platform, the gig-worker street vendors agricultural worker, domestic worker and agricultural worker. to assess their capacity to work and to provide benefits through implementing social security programs for the workers and sharing the information with all the parties who are involved in the implementation of welfare programs.
In March 2022 the Code for Social Security 2020was approved by the Parliament as one of the four labor codes. It marked the first occasion that it included provisions for platforms or gig worker. The Code contemplates the distribution of social security benefits through the creation of platforms as well as gig workers, which could be managed by the theEmployees Provident Fund Organization (EPFO) and the Employees State Insurance Corporation (ESIC). Social Security Fund Social Security Fund has also been created under the Code to improve the benefits that are offered by the scheme.
On the 20th of June in 2022, the NITI Aayog also released the report 'India's growing platform and Gig Economy. It gives comprehensive perspectives as well as suggestions for gigs and platforms within India as well as provides a detailed overview of the potential and the challenges that arise from this industry. It also highlights the best strategies from all over the globe for initiatives that provide social security and strategies to improve skills within particular areas and to create employment opportunities for workers within the field.
To make the most of the sector, it is suggested to accelerate the process of obtaining financing by developing products designed specifically for the platform's users connected to self-employed persons who sell regional and rural foods street food, street food. and food-tech platforms that will allow the market the opportunity to grow in towns and cities. The report gives suggestions on using platforms to improve and build abilities based on results. It also focuses on the importance of encouraging social inclusion through gender equality and accessibility training for the families of workers. Other crucial recommendations include the implementation of an additional enumeration method to evaluate the impact of the gig workforce and platform and collecting data in the official count (Periodic Labour Force Survey) to determine gig workers.
With all the reforms that have been implemented and the numerous other ones to be implemented, India is expected to alter the way it runs its workforce and gigs by implementing centralized opportunities and more work with a strict labor code, as well as higher wages for non-organized workers. With its contribution to the population in the range of half billion people with the world's lowest population and an increasing urbanization rate and the usage of smartphones and other related technologies, India is poised to be the next technological frontier in gig-based jobs.
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gig economy, freelance work arrangement, specific tasks or assignments
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